Summary: Cellular senescence has been studied extensively since the invention of the Hayflick limit coined by Leonard Hayflick back in the 1960s. It concerns the damaging phenomenon where cells stop dividing while still staying active and sucking up our energy. In turn, these cells shorten telomeres, increase inflammation, limit stem cell functioning, and decrease our overall vitality. Our cells may become senescent due to factors such as too much oxidative stress, excess body fat, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and DNA damage.
1. Fasting, time-restricted eating, and caloric restriction can lead to the elimination of damaging senescent cells.
Description
Fasting, time-restricted eating, and caloric restriction can all promote autophagy — eliminating waste material such as senescent cells, and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in our bodies.
Source: Science Direct
2. Aerobic exercise protects against the build-up of senescent cells.
3. Restoring NAD+ levels delay the senescence of cells.
Description
This 2016 study demonstrates how the restoration of mitochondrial NAD+ levels extends the lifespan of cells and in turn delays stem cell senescence. This can be done through supplemention with the precursors, NMN (Nicotinamide Mononuccleotide) and/or NR (Nicotinamide Riboside).
Description
By performing high levels of cardiovascular exercise one may prevent the accumulation of senescent cells. This type of exercise also helps eliminate current senescent cells in our bodies through the activation of AMPK and autophagy.
4. Clear senescent cells through FOXO protein activation.
Description
In response to stress (hormesis), FOXO proteins can regulate longevity and the FOXO4 peptide can target senescent cells. This peptide can be activated through hormesis, such as heat exposure, cold exposure, exercise, and fasting.
5. Curcumin can activate the Nrf2 pathway and autophagy.
Description
The compound, Curcumin, of the turmeric root, can activate the Nrf2 pathway and autophagy, and these are both significant in the removal of senescent cells.
Source: Biochemical Journal
6. Fisetin exhibits a significant effect on cellular senescence.
Description
Fisetin can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in senescent cells. This has in various studies led to reduced cartilage degeneration, improved skeletal health, and an increase in maximum and medium lifespan with minimal side effects.
7. Quercetin and Dasatinib reduced the number of senescent cells in adipose tissue.
Description
In September 2019, a combination of Quercetin and Dasatinib was administered in diabetic kidney disease patients. The compounds reduced senescent cells in adipose tissue with no adverse effects after only 11 days.
Source: EBioMedicine
8. Quercetin and Dasatinib increased survival rates by 36%.
Description
This study from August 2018 in Nature Medicine included young mice and aged mice who were transplanted with senescent cells. These mice then got administered Quercetin and Dasatinib and experienced improvements in physical dysfunctions and survival rates by 36%.
Source: Nature Medicine
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